更改安装源（sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list修改内容如下）：
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Beta amd64 (20150805)]/ trusty main restricted####sohu sourcesdeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricteddeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricteddeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universedeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universedeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiversedeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiversedeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricteddeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universedeb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
然后sudo apt-get update
安装五笔输入法fcitx： http://my.oschina.net/eechen/blog/224291
sudo apt-get install fcitx-pinyin fcitx-table-wubi
Alt+F2运行 im-config 设置Fcitx为默认输入法
killall ibus-daemon
fcitx -d
注销当前用户
登录后右上角输入法图标>Configure>点+号，添加pinyin或wubi（看你个人习惯了） 然后就可以用ctrl+space切换输入法了。 * 解决自带的vi不好用的问题（比如光标键不好使) sudo apt-get install vim *干掉office sudo apt-get -y purge libreoffice**准备备份
从我的SSD的空白空间中划了一块20G大小的空间命名为sysbackup系统自动将其挂载为/media/cyper/sysbackup （/dev/sdb3）
早做备份：http://my.oschina.net/uniquejava/blog/99105 以免出现问题又需要重装系统。 在/home目录下建了一个文件backup.sh 内容如下：echo lightdm...sudo service lightdm stopecho mkdir...set MYDIR=/media/cyper/sysbackupsudo mkdir -p $MYDIRecho boot...sudo tar -cvpzf $MYDIR/boot.tar.gz /bootecho root...sudo tar -cvpzf $MYDIR/root.tar.gz--exclude=/sys --exclude=/proc --exclude=/media --exclude=/home--exclude=/usr --exclude=/var --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/boot--exclude=/mnt --exclude=/prod --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/run /echo usr...sudo tar -cvpzf $MYDIR/usr.tar.gz /usrecho var...sudo tar -cvpzf $MYDIR/var.tar.gz /varecho home...sudo tar -cvpzf $MYDIR/home.tar.gz --exclude=/home/lost+found /homeecho complete然后Ctrl+Alt+F1切换到命令模式下
cd /home
chmod +x backup.sh sh ./backup.sh *还原： root Drop to root shell prompt 报出 read-only file system 错误。 其实呢个时候整个／ 都是只读的.. 解决方法： 重新以读写方式挂载／ mount -o remount,rw / cd / tar xvpfz /media/backup/laptop_sys/boot.tar.gz -C / *禁用guestsudo gedit /usr/share/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/50-ubuntu.conf
修改如下：
[SeatDefaults] user-session=ubuntu allow-guest=false*安装最新版 git:
http://my.oschina.net/uniquejava/blog/481638安装chrome:
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb(会碰到一个错误，执行下面一行命令即可） $ sudo apt-get -f install* 安装open in terminal(这样可以在当前目录右键打开terminal)
sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal使用以下指令来重启Nautilus
nautilus -q*抓屏软件
sudo apt-get install shutter
* 安装ssh-server(以便能远程登录到这台机器上）
sudo apt-get install openssh-server 此时在win7或macbook上登录 $ ssh cyper@192.168.1.101 RSA host key for 192.168.1.101 has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. 解决办法是在win7或mac上打开这个known_hosts文件，删除与192.168.1.101相关的配置 *jdk7 http://my.oschina.net/uniquejava/blog/225693*LAMP (apache2.4.7 + php5.5.9 + mysql 5.5.46)
(http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ceb9fb10d572d88cad2ba093.html) sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client sudo apt-get install apache2 sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-ph sudo apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xslp5 sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin * LAMP(精简版） http://www.dev-metal.com/installsetup-basic-lamp-stack-linux-apache-mysql-php-ubuntu-14-04-lts/# Do an update and an upgrade to keep everything up-to-datesudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgrade# Install Apache (this will install Apache 2.4.x by default):sudo apt-get install apache2# Install PHP (this will install PHP 5.5.x by default):sudo apt-get install php5# Install MySQL (5.5), mysql module for PHP and PDO stuff:sudo apt-get install mysql-serverersudo apt-get install php5-mysql# Restart apache servesudo service apache2 restart# When you think you messed something up while installing a package then you can remove the package and its config files viasudo apt-get --purge remove XXXXXX# To check which versions of the packages are installedapache2 -vphp -v# let’s install PHPMyAdminsudo apt-get install phpmyadmin创建/var/www/html/index.php
apache2.4网站的默认目录是/var/www/html(apach2.2的默认目录是/var/www)
而phpmyadmin位置在/usr/share/phpmyadmin/, 所以要在html目录下创建一个指向phpmyadmin的软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin/ /var/www/html 访问http://localhost/phpmyadmin *查看LAMP版本 apache2 -v或apachectl -v mysql --version php -v(报错） 参考，执行sudo apt-get install snmp就没问题了。* 20160402用了半年的mac，现在要用ubuntu有个最烦人的问题是。。
我已经习惯用command键（紧挨着空格键左边的那个）做为复制粘贴关闭等的组合键了。。 这个键在PC电脑上是Alt键， 我现在要把Alt键改成ctrl键， 怎么办？？ 输入以下一行命令搞定！！！！dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options "['altwin:ctrl_alt_win']"
重置： dconf reset /org/gnome/desktop/input-sources/xkb-options
参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/daijkstra/p/4181742.html http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/saucy/en/man7/xkeyboard-config.7.html#contenttoc4